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Parliament

Candidate & Winner Demographics

Ethnic, gender and age make-up of candidates and winners across elections — including each group's success rate.

Women candidates (all)4616.6% of all candidates
Women winners (all)21647% win rate
Men's win rate39%6,475 candidates
Women winners · GE15 · 20222913.1% of seats

Winners by ethnicity (%) 100% stacked per election

Winners by age (%) 100% stacked per election

Win rate by gender (%) Seats won ÷ candidates fielded

Success by ethnicity

Ethnicity ContestedWonWin Rate Contested · GE15 · 2022Won · GE15 · 2022
Malay 3,510 1,369 39.0% 534 118
Chinese 1,714 704 41.1% 178 44
Indian 341 128 37.5% 54 9
Sabah Bumiputera 688 233 33.9% 105 24
Sarawak Bumiputera 652 263 40.3% 69 24
Orang Asli 1 1 100.0% 1 1
Other 30 17 56.7% 4 2

Ethnicity and age as recorded in the results data; some older records are incomplete.