GE-15 (2022)
Popular Vote vs Seats
How closely each coalition's seats match its popular vote — the Gallagher disproportionality index, the winner's bonus and the effective number of parties (ENP) over time.
Gallagher index26.18▲ 14.19 vs previous
Effective parties (votes)3.00▲ 0.69 vs previous
Effective parties (seats)2.00▲ 0.20 vs previous
Winner's bonus+19.1 ptsPH
How to read this
- PH won 38.7% of the votes but 50.0% of the seats.
- Gallagher index 26.2: 0 means seats match votes exactly; above 10 indicates high disproportionality (common under first-past-the-post).
- The effective number of parties by votes is 3.0 — roughly how many serious contenders there really were.
Vote % vs seat % (%) GE-15 (2022) · Melaka
Gallagher index Lower = more proportional
Effective number of parties (ENP) Laakso–Taagepera: 1 ÷ Σ(share²)
Votes & seats breakdown — GE-15 (2022)
| Coalition | Contested | Votes | % votes | Won | % seats | Gap (pts) | Vote % vs seat % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PH Profile | 6 | 199,267 | 38.7% | 3 | 50.0% | +11.3 | |
| PN Profile | 6 | 159,238 | 30.9% | 3 | 50.0% | +19.1 | |
| BN Profile | 6 | 152,613 | 29.6% | 0 | 0.0% | -29.6 | |
| GTA Profile | 5 | 2,731 | 0.5% | 0 | 0.0% | -0.5 | |
| Independent / no coalition | 2 | 1,192 | 0.2% | 0 | 0.0% | -0.2 |
Indices for each election
| GE | Gallagher index | Effective parties (votes) | Effective parties (seats) | Winner's bonus |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GE-15 (2022) | 26.18 | 3.00 | 2.00 | +19.1 |
| GE-14 (2018) | 11.99 | 2.31 | 1.80 | +13.8 |
| GE-13 (2013) | 12.86 | 1.99 | 1.80 | +12.9 |
| GE-12 (2008) | 25.87 | 1.96 | 1.38 | +25.9 |
| GE-11 (2004) | 24.57 | 1.81 | 1.00 | +28.4 |
| GE-10 (1999) | 23.25 | 1.96 | 1.47 | +23.2 |
| GE-9 (1995) | 11.77 | 1.94 | 1.47 | +12.2 |
| GE-8 (1990) | 21.04 | 2.24 | 1.47 | +19.5 |
| GE-7 (1986) | 18.73 | 2.20 | 1.47 | +21.6 |
| GE-6 (1982) | 8.56 | 1.80 | 1.60 | +8.6 |
| GE-5 (1978) | 19.32 | 1.97 | 1.60 | +19.3 |
| GE-4 (1974) | 12.50 | 1.88 | 1.60 | +12.5 |
| GE-3 (1969) | 26.22 | 2.00 | 1.60 | +26.2 |
| GE-2 (1964) | 30.91 | 1.94 | 1.00 | +33.8 |
| GE-1 (1959) | 14.20 | 2.23 | 1.60 | +15.8 |
| Federal Legislative Council 1955 | 12.05 | 1.27 | 1.00 | +12.1 |
Popular vote counts contested seats only; seats won unopposed count only as seats. "Independent / no coalition" includes non-aligned parties.