State Election Round 8 (1990–2001)
Popular Vote vs Seats
How closely each coalition's seats match its popular vote — the Gallagher disproportionality index, the winner's bonus and the effective number of parties (ENP) over time.
Gallagher index21.36▲ 0.53 vs previous
Effective parties (votes)2.21▲ 0.19 vs previous
Effective parties (seats)1.32no change
Winner's bonus+24.2 ptsBN
How to read this
- BN won 61.5% of the votes but 85.7% of the seats.
- Gallagher index 21.4: 0 means seats match votes exactly; above 10 indicates high disproportionality (common under first-past-the-post).
- The effective number of parties by votes is 2.2 — roughly how many serious contenders there really were.
Vote % vs seat % (%) State Election Round 8 (1990–2001) · Negeri Sembilan
Gallagher index Lower = more proportional
Effective number of parties (ENP) Laakso–Taagepera: 1 ÷ Σ(share²)
Votes & seats breakdown — State Election Round 8 (1990–2001)
| Coalition | Contested | Votes | % votes | Won | % seats | Gap (pts) | Vote % vs seat % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BN Profile | 28 | 155,175 | 61.5% | 24 | 85.7% | +24.2 | |
| GR Profile | 10 | 55,058 | 21.8% | 4 | 14.3% | -7.5 | |
| APU Profile | 20 | 41,348 | 16.4% | 0 | 0.0% | -16.4 | |
| Independent / no coalition | 2 | 794 | 0.3% | 0 | 0.0% | -0.3 |
Indices for each election
| GE | Gallagher index | Effective parties (votes) | Effective parties (seats) | Winner's bonus |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| State Election Round 16 (2026) | 12.45 | 3.03 | 2.62 | +14.4 |
| State Election Round 15 (2021–2025) | 21.41 | 2.93 | 2.54 | +8.6 |
| State Election Round 14 (2018–2020) | 7.10 | 2.27 | 1.98 | +1.7 |
| State Election Round 13 (2013–2018) | 8.94 | 2.03 | 1.91 | +9.3 |
| State Election Round 12 (2008–2021) | 5.00 | 1.99 | 1.95 | +5.0 |
| State Election Round 11 (2004–2016) | 23.32 | 1.94 | 1.12 | +26.4 |
| State Election Round 10 (1999–2011) | 39.71 | 1.93 | 1.00 | +39.8 |
| State Election Round 9 (1995–2006) | 17.90 | 1.78 | 1.13 | +21.2 |
| State Election Round 8 (1990–2001) | 21.36 | 2.21 | 1.32 | +24.2 |
| State Election Round 7 (1986–1996) | 20.83 | 2.02 | 1.32 | +23.1 |
| State Election Round 6 (1982–1991) | 25.33 | 1.81 | 1.18 | +25.3 |
| State Election Round 5 (1978–1987) | 28.17 | 1.93 | 1.28 | +28.2 |
| State Election Round 4 (1974–1983) | 26.67 | 1.91 | 1.28 | +26.7 |
| State Election Round 3 (1969–1979) | 20.46 | 1.99 | 1.80 | +20.5 |
| State Election Round 2 (1964–1974) | 35.74 | 2.33 | 1.00 | +41.3 |
| State Election Round 1 (1959–1969) | 25.27 | 2.42 | 1.40 | +27.5 |
Popular vote counts contested seats only; seats won unopposed count only as seats. "Independent / no coalition" includes non-aligned parties.